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From: "LARRY KLAES" <ljk4@msn.com>
To: "setipublic" <public@setileague.org>
Subject: SETI public: Europan Life as Artwork
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2004 10:58:29 -0400
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The owner and creator of this Web site is both an artist and an =
astronomer.  He has done a very interesting series on imagined Europan =
life:

http://www.bettinaforget.com/galaxy-choices.html<http://www.bettinaforget=
com/galaxy-choices.html>

Larry


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<BODY id=3DMailContainerBody=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 10px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; =
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<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV><!--[gte IE 5]><?xml:namespace prefix=3D"v" =
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<DIV>The owner and creator of this Web site is both an artist and an=20
astronomer.&nbsp; He has done a very interesting series on imagined =
Europan=20
life:</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><A title=3Dhttp://www.bettinaforget.com/galaxy-choices.html=20
href=3D"http://www.bettinaforget.com/galaxy-choices.html">http://www.bett=
inaforget.com/galaxy-choices.html</A></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Larry</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
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From owner-public@setileague.org Tue Jun  1 10:28:12 2004
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To: "setipublic" <public@setileague.org>
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Subject: SETI public: American UFOs over Russia
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2004 13:02:21 -0400
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Date: Thu, 27 May 2004 22:49:07 -0400 (GMT-04:00)
From: DwayneDay =
<zirconic1@earthlink.net<mailto:zirconic1@earthlink.net>>
Subject: [FPSPACE] American UFOs over Russia
To: FPSPACE =
<fpspace@friends-partners.org<mailto:fpspace@friends-partners.org>>

There is an interesting article in the current issue of Skeptical =
Inquirer magazine about American Cold War high altitude balloon programs =
that were mistaken for UFOs.

The article is by B.D. Gildenberg, who was a low-level worker on various =
high-altitude balloon programs for over three decades, starting in the =
1950s.  (He was a cryptographer during World War II.)  Gildenberg talks =
about how various highly classified balloon projects were mistaken for =
UFOs and compares several of these with specific UFO sightings.  For =
instance, one balloon program was designed to descend to about 3000 feet =
and drop its payload by parachute.  When it did this, the balloon would =
go rocketing skyward at high speed.  The payload was then retrieved by =
military police in helicopters.  This kind of project resulted in very =
detailed sightings of flying saucers deploying small vehicles from =
motherships before heading straight up, and also led to reports of =
classified military operations to retrieve crashed saucers.

There is a lot of new detail in the article, such as comments about =
extremely large (6,000 to 8,000 pound) reconnaissance camera payloads =
flown in the late 1960s, as well as complex air sampling devices (they =
were looking for Russian plutonium carried in the upper atmosphere).  I =
have heard about some camera companies working on very large balloon =
cameras in the late 1960s, but have no details. =20

(An aside: My colleague Chris Pocock, the foremost authority on the =
history of the U-2 spyplane, once asked me about Soviet concern about =
shooting down American high-altitude balloons in the late 1960s.  We =
both knew of no American balloon programs at this time.  But it is =
entirely possible that the US intelligence community was actually up to =
something in the late 1960s or early 1970s that remains classified to =
this day, although my suspicion is that China was the more probable =
target.)

A few of Gildenberg's facts are wrong, but he seems highly credible.

One thing that I found quite interesting was his comment that although =
these balloons were often reported as UFOs over the United States, the =
CIA ultimately decided that this was a good thing.  They figured that =
once the balloons were deployed over the Soviet Union there would be UFO =
stories in Russia and this would provide a useful cover story.  It would =
give the United States a certain degree of deniability.  He has no =
documentation on this, but it sounds plausible.  And soon UFOs did start =
showing up over Russia.  The Soviets shot down all the ones that they =
could.

Gildenberg also was involved in the mid/late 1990s reports on Roswell =
that were produced by the Air Force at congressional request.  These =
explained how many UFO sightings were actually balloon sightings.  He =
said that the group faced a lot of opposition from the Air Force and =
Pentagon.  They viewed this declassification effort as a waste of time =
and a distraction from more important business.  This is nothing new and =
is something that Cold War scholars encounter daily--it is far easier =
for a government agency to simply keep the door to their past locked =
than it is for them to open that door, look inside, and decide what =
secrets no longer need to stay secret.

http://www.csicop.org/si/<http://www.csicop.org/si/>

DDAY



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charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<STYLE></STYLE>

<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY id=3DMailContainerBody=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 10px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; =
COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: none; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-STYLE: =
normal; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; =
BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: =
none"=20
leftMargin=3D0 topMargin=3D0 acc_role=3D"text" CanvasTabStop=3D"true"=20
name=3D"Compose message area"><!--[gte IE 5]><?xml:namespace =
prefix=3D"v" /><?xml:namespace prefix=3D"o" /><![endif]-->
<DIV>Date: Thu, 27 May 2004 22:49:07 -0400 (GMT-04:00)<BR>From: =
DwayneDay &lt;<A=20
title=3Dmailto:zirconic1@earthlink.net=20
href=3D"mailto:zirconic1@earthlink.net">zirconic1@earthlink.net</A>&gt;<B=
R>Subject:=20
[FPSPACE] American UFOs over Russia<BR>To: FPSPACE &lt;<A=20
title=3Dmailto:fpspace@friends-partners.org=20
href=3D"mailto:fpspace@friends-partners.org">fpspace@friends-partners.org=
</A>&gt;<BR><BR>There=20
is an interesting article in the current issue of Skeptical Inquirer =
magazine=20
about American Cold War high altitude balloon programs that were =
mistaken for=20
UFOs.<BR><BR>The article is by B.D. Gildenberg, who was a low-level =
worker on=20
various high-altitude balloon programs for over three decades, starting =
in the=20
1950s.&nbsp; (He was a cryptographer during World War II.)&nbsp; =
Gildenberg=20
talks about how various highly classified balloon projects were mistaken =
for=20
UFOs and compares several of these with specific UFO sightings.&nbsp; =
For=20
instance, one balloon program was designed to descend to about 3000 feet =
and=20
drop its payload by parachute.&nbsp; When it did this, the balloon would =
go=20
rocketing skyward at high speed.&nbsp; The payload was then retrieved by =

military police in helicopters.&nbsp; This kind of project resulted in =
very=20
detailed sightings of flying saucers deploying small vehicles from =
motherships=20
before heading straight up, and also led to reports of classified =
military=20
operations to retrieve crashed saucers.<BR><BR>There is a lot of new =
detail in=20
the article, such as comments about extremely large (6,000 to 8,000 =
pound)=20
reconnaissance camera payloads flown in the late 1960s, as well as =
complex air=20
sampling devices (they were looking for Russian plutonium carried in the =
upper=20
atmosphere).&nbsp; I have heard about some camera companies working on =
very=20
large balloon cameras in the late 1960s, but have no details.&nbsp; =
<BR><BR>(An=20
aside: My colleague Chris Pocock, the foremost authority on the history =
of the=20
U-2 spyplane, once asked me about Soviet concern about shooting down =
American=20
high-altitude balloons in the late 1960s.&nbsp; We both knew of no =
American=20
balloon programs at this time.&nbsp; But it is entirely possible that =
the US=20
intelligence community was actually up to something in the late 1960s or =
early=20
1970s that remains classified to this day, although my suspicion is that =
China=20
was the more probable target.)<BR><BR>A few of Gildenberg's facts are =
wrong, but=20
he seems highly credible.<BR><BR>One thing that I found quite =
interesting was=20
his comment that although these balloons were often reported as UFOs =
over the=20
United States, the CIA ultimately decided that this was a good =
thing.&nbsp; They=20
figured that once the balloons were deployed over the Soviet Union there =
would=20
be UFO stories in Russia and this would provide a useful cover =
story.&nbsp; It=20
would give the United States a certain degree of deniability.&nbsp; He =
has no=20
documentation on this, but it sounds plausible.&nbsp; And soon UFOs did =
start=20
showing up over Russia.&nbsp; The Soviets shot down all the ones that =
they=20
could.<BR><BR>Gildenberg also was involved in the mid/late 1990s reports =
on=20
Roswell that were produced by the Air Force at congressional =
request.&nbsp;=20
These explained how many UFO sightings were actually balloon =
sightings.&nbsp; He=20
said that the group faced a lot of opposition from the Air Force and=20
Pentagon.&nbsp; They viewed this declassification effort as a waste of =
time and=20
a distraction from more important business.&nbsp; This is nothing new =
and is=20
something that Cold War scholars encounter daily--it is far easier for a =

government agency to simply keep the door to their past locked than it =
is for=20
them to open that door, look inside, and decide what secrets no longer =
need to=20
stay secret.<BR><BR><A title=3Dhttp://www.csicop.org/si/=20
href=3D"http://www.csicop.org/si/">http://www.csicop.org/si/</A><BR><BR>D=
DAY<BR><BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-public@setileague.org Tue Jun  1 10:59:00 2004
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From: "LARRY KLAES" <ljk4@msn.com>
To: "setipublic" <public@setileague.org>
Cc: "BioAstro" <bioastro@setileague.org>
Subject: SETI public: Dark Energy Tied to Human Origins
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2004 13:46:08 -0400
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Science/Astronomy:

* Dark Energy Tied to Human Origins

http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html<http://w=
ww.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html>

Among the most elusive and important questions in science are whether =
we're alone and what the heck that strange stuff is that's pushing the =
universe apart. Neither is likely to be answered anytime soon, yet each =
occupies many great minds and together they drive billions of dollars in =
research spending every year.


* Spitzer Dissects True Nature Of Galaxies
http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/aas_galaxies_040531.html<http://www=
space.com/scienceastronomy/aas_galaxies_040531.html>

NASA's Spitzer telescope is being used by astronomers to classify =
galaxies in a new light -- infrared. The eventual goal of the infrared =
observations is to replace the Hubble classification method -- the =
standard visual approach -- in cataloging galaxies as elliptical, =
lenticular, spiral, and irregular.


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<STYLE></STYLE>

<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY id=3DMailContainerBody=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 10px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; =
COLOR: #000000; BORDER-TOP-STYLE: none; PADDING-TOP: 15px; FONT-STYLE: =
normal; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; =
BORDER-LEFT-STYLE: none; TEXT-DECORATION: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-STYLE: =
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name=3D"Compose message area"><!--[gte IE 5]><?xml:namespace =
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<DIV>Science/Astronomy:<BR><BR>* Dark Energy Tied to Human Origins</DIV>
<DIV><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html =

href=3D"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html"=
>http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html</A><BR>=
<BR>Among=20
the most elusive and important questions in science are whether we're =
alone and=20
what the heck that strange stuff is that's pushing the universe apart. =
Neither=20
is likely to be answered anytime soon, yet each occupies many great =
minds and=20
together they drive billions of dollars in research spending every=20
year.<BR></DIV>
<DIV><BR>* Spitzer Dissects True Nature Of Galaxies<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/aas_galaxies_040531.html=20
href=3D"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/aas_galaxies_040531.html">h=
ttp://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/aas_galaxies_040531.html</A><BR><BR>=
NASA's=20
Spitzer telescope is being used by astronomers to classify galaxies in a =
new=20
light -- infrared. The eventual goal of the infrared observations is to =
replace=20
the Hubble classification method -- the standard visual approach -- in=20
cataloging galaxies as elliptical, lenticular, spiral, and=20
irregular.<BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-public@setileague.org Tue Jun  1 15:51:49 2004
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To: "setipublic" <public@setileague.org>
Cc: "BioAstro" <bioastro@setileague.org>, "europa" <europa@klx.com>
Subject: SETI public: Fw: Marsbugs Vol. 11, No. 23
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2004 18:39:09 -0400
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----- Original Message -----=20
From: Dr. David J. Thomas<mailto:dthomas@lyon.edu>=20
To: dthomas@lyon.edu<mailto:dthomas@lyon.edu>=20
Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2004 4:42 PM
Subject: Marsbugs Vol. 11, No. 23


The 1 June 2004 issue of Marsbugs: The Electronic Astrobiology
Newsletter is now online.

Text: =
http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.txt<http://www.lyon.e=
du/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.txt>
PDF:
http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.pdf<http://www.lyon.e=
du/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.pdf>
Word: =
http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.doc<http://www.lyon.e=
du/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.doc>

Articles and News

Page 1 WHAT TO WEAR ON MARS
By Ryan Smith

Page 2 DINOSAURS DIED WITHIN HOURS AFTER ASTEROID HIT EARTH 65
MILLION YEARS AGO=20
University of Colorado release

Page 2 PEBBLES FROM AN OVERHEATED EARTH?
By Geoff Koch

Page 3 SURVIVAL OF THE SMALLEST: MINI-MICROBES REDEFINE EXTREME
LIVING
By Robert Roy Britt

Page 3 NASA'S NEW MISSION: MOON, MARS TO BE FIRST STOPS ON OUR
JOURNEY THROUGH SOLAR SYSTEM
By David A. King

Page 4 ATOM: CONVERSATION WITH LAWRENCE KRAUSS
>From Astrobiology Magazine=20

Page 5 NASA RELEASES MISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR PROPOSED JUPITER
MISSION=20
NASA release 2004-130

Page 6 RAW INGREDIENTS FOR LIFE DETECTED IN PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION
ZONES
NASA release 2004-167

Page 7 YOUNG PLANET CHALLENGES OLD THEORIES
By Leslie Mullen=20

Announcements

Page 8 NEW ADDITIONS TO THE ASTROBIOLOGY INDEX
By David J. Thomas
=20
Mission Reports

Page 8 LESSONS LEARNT FROM BEAGLE 2 AND PLANS TO IMPLEMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY
ESA release

Page 10 CASSINI SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
NASA/JPL release

Page 11 CASSINI/HUYGENS APPROACHING SATURN AND TITAN
ESA release 28-2004

Page 11 SATURN SEEN FROM FAR AND NEAR=20
NASA release 2004-131

Page 12 CASSINI-HUYGENS MISSION STATUS REPORT
NASA/JPL release 2004-134

Page 13 MARS EXPLORATION ROVER MISSION STATUS
NASA/JPL release 2004-132

Page 14 MARS EXPRESS: ARSIA MONS VOLCANO IN 3D
ESA release

Page 15 MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR IMAGES
NASA/JPL/MSSS release

Page 15 MARS ODYSSEY THEMIS IMAGES
NASA/JPL/ASU release

Page 15 ROSETTA'S SCIENTIFIC "FIRST"-OBSERVATION OF COMET LINEAR
ESA release 29-2004


David J. Thomas, PhD
Asst. Professor of Biology
Lyon College, Science Division
2300 Highland Road
Batesville, AR 72501 USA
Phone: 870-698-4269
Fax: 870-698-4692
http://www.lyon.edu/webdata/users/dthomas<http://www.lyon.edu/webdata/use=
rs/dthomas>

NASA/JPL Solar System Ambassador
http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/ambassador<http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/ambassador>
Editor of Marsbugs: The Electronic Astrobiology Newsletter
http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs<http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbu=
gs>
=20


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<DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; PADDING-TOP: 10pt">----- Original =
Message -----=20
<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:dthomas@lyon.edu=20
href=3D"mailto:dthomas@lyon.edu">Dr. David J. Thomas</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:dthomas@lyon.edu=20
href=3D"mailto:dthomas@lyon.edu">dthomas@lyon.edu</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, June 01, 2004 4:42 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Marsbugs Vol. 11, No. 23</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>The 1 June 2004 issue of Marsbugs: The Electronic=20
Astrobiology<BR>Newsletter is now online.<BR><BR>Text: <A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.txt=20
href=3D"http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.txt">http://w=
ww.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.txt</A><BR>PDF:<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.pdf=20
href=3D"http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.pdf">http://w=
ww.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.pdf</A><BR>Word:=20
<A title=3Dhttp://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.doc=20
href=3D"http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.doc">http://w=
ww.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs/2004/20040601.doc</A><BR><BR>Articles=20
and News<BR><BR>Page 1 WHAT TO WEAR ON MARS<BR>By Ryan Smith<BR><BR>Page =
2=20
DINOSAURS DIED WITHIN HOURS AFTER ASTEROID HIT EARTH 65<BR>MILLION YEARS =
AGO=20
<BR>University of Colorado release<BR><BR>Page 2 PEBBLES FROM AN =
OVERHEATED=20
EARTH?<BR>By Geoff Koch<BR><BR>Page 3 SURVIVAL OF THE SMALLEST: =
MINI-MICROBES=20
REDEFINE EXTREME<BR>LIVING<BR>By Robert Roy Britt<BR><BR>Page 3 NASA'S =
NEW=20
MISSION: MOON, MARS TO BE FIRST STOPS ON OUR<BR>JOURNEY THROUGH SOLAR=20
SYSTEM<BR>By David A. King<BR><BR>Page 4 ATOM: CONVERSATION WITH =
LAWRENCE=20
KRAUSS<BR>From Astrobiology Magazine <BR><BR>Page 5 NASA RELEASES =
MISSION=20
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROPOSED JUPITER<BR>MISSION <BR>NASA release=20
2004-130<BR><BR>Page 6 RAW INGREDIENTS FOR LIFE DETECTED IN PLANETARY=20
CONSTRUCTION<BR>ZONES<BR>NASA release 2004-167<BR><BR>Page 7 YOUNG =
PLANET=20
CHALLENGES OLD THEORIES<BR>By Leslie Mullen =
<BR><BR>Announcements<BR><BR>Page 8=20
NEW ADDITIONS TO THE ASTROBIOLOGY INDEX<BR>By David J.=20
Thomas<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Mission Reports<BR><BR>Page 8 LESSONS LEARNT FROM =
BEAGLE 2=20
AND PLANS TO IMPLEMENT<BR>RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE COMMISSION OF =
INQUIRY<BR>ESA=20
release<BR><BR>Page 10 CASSINI SIGNIFICANT EVENTS<BR>NASA/JPL=20
release<BR><BR>Page 11 CASSINI/HUYGENS APPROACHING SATURN AND =
TITAN<BR>ESA=20
release 28-2004<BR><BR>Page 11 SATURN SEEN FROM FAR AND NEAR <BR>NASA =
release=20
2004-131<BR><BR>Page 12 CASSINI-HUYGENS MISSION STATUS =
REPORT<BR>NASA/JPL=20
release 2004-134<BR><BR>Page 13 MARS EXPLORATION ROVER MISSION=20
STATUS<BR>NASA/JPL release 2004-132<BR><BR>Page 14 MARS EXPRESS: ARSIA =
MONS=20
VOLCANO IN 3D<BR>ESA release<BR><BR>Page 15 MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR=20
IMAGES<BR>NASA/JPL/MSSS release<BR><BR>Page 15 MARS ODYSSEY THEMIS=20
IMAGES<BR>NASA/JPL/ASU release<BR><BR>Page 15 ROSETTA'S SCIENTIFIC=20
"FIRST"-OBSERVATION OF COMET LINEAR<BR>ESA release =
29-2004<BR><BR><BR>David J.=20
Thomas, PhD<BR>Asst. Professor of Biology<BR>Lyon College, Science=20
Division<BR>2300 Highland Road<BR>Batesville, AR 72501 USA<BR>Phone:=20
870-698-4269<BR>Fax: 870-698-4692<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.lyon.edu/webdata/users/dthomas=20
href=3D"http://www.lyon.edu/webdata/users/dthomas">http://www.lyon.edu/we=
bdata/users/dthomas</A><BR><BR>NASA/JPL=20
Solar System Ambassador<BR><A =
title=3Dhttp://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/ambassador=20
href=3D"http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/ambassador">http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/amb=
assador</A><BR>Editor=20
of Marsbugs: The Electronic Astrobiology Newsletter<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs=20
href=3D"http://www.lyon.edu/projects/marsbugs">http://www.lyon.edu/projec=
ts/marsbugs</A><BR>&nbsp;<BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: SETI public: Fw: Spitzer Leads NASA's Great Observatories to Uncover Black Holes, Other Hidden Objects
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----- Original Message -----=20
From: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory<mailto:info@jpl.nasa.gov>=20
To: ljk4@msn.com<mailto:ljk4@msn.com>=20
Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2004 4:07 PM
Subject: Spitzer Leads NASA's Great Observatories to Uncover Black =
Holes, Other Hidden Objects


MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://jpl.convio.net/site/R?i=3Dqw93meneerdO-3BCLCXxIg<http://jpl.convio=
net/site/R?i=3Dqw93meneerdO-3BCLCXxIg>..
 =
http://jpl.convio.net/site/R?i=3DSF8JLDYd8DJO-3BCLCXxIg<http://jpl.convio=
net/site/R?i=3DSF8JLDYd8DJO-3BCLCXxIg>..

Whitney Clavin (818) 648-9743
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.

Ray Villard  (410) 338-4514
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.

Megan Watzke  (617) 496-7998
Chandra X-Ray Observatory Center, Cambridge, Mass.

News Release:  2004-138                                          June
1, 2004

Spitzer Leads NASA's Great Observatories to Uncover Black Holes, Other
Hidden Objects

Astronomers unveiled the deepest images from NASA's new Spitzer Space
Telescope today and announced the detection of distant objects --
including several supermassive black holes -- that are nearly
invisible in even the deepest images from telescopes operating at
other wavelengths.

Dr. Mark Dickinson, of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory,
Tucson, Ariz., principal investigator for the new observations, said,
"With these ultra-deep Spitzer images, we are easily seeing objects
throughout time and space, where the most distant known galaxies lie.
Moreover, we see some objects that are completely invisible, but whose
existence was hinted at by previous observations from the Chandra and
Hubble Observatories."

Seven of the objects detected by Spitzer may be part of the
long-sought population of "missing" supermassive black holes that
powered the bright cores of the earliest active galaxies. The
discovery completes a full accounting of all the X-ray sources seen in
one of the deepest surveys of the universe ever taken.

This detective story required the combined power of NASA's three Great
Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, Chandra X-ray Observatory
and Spitzer Space Telescope. Each observatory studies different
wavelengths, from high-energy X-rays with Chandra, through visible
light with Hubble, and into the infrared with Spitzer. Together, these
telescopes yield far more information than any single instrument.

All three telescopes looked as far as 13 billion light-years away,
toward a small patch of the southern sky containing more than 10,000
galaxies, in a coordinated project called the Great Observatories
Origins Deep Survey (GOODS).  Chandra images detected more than 200
X-ray sources believed to be supermassive black holes in the centers
of young galaxies. Extremely hot interstellar gases falling into the
black holes produce the X-rays.

Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys revealed optical galaxies around
almost all the X-ray black holes. However, seven mysterious X-ray
sources remained for which there was no optical galaxy. Dr. Anton
Koekemoer of the Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.,
discovered these sources and has three intriguing possibilities for
their origin: "The galaxies around these black holes may be completely
hidden by thick clouds of dust absorbing all their light, or may
contain very old, red stars. Or some could be the most distant black
holes ever observed -- perhaps as far as 13 billion light-years." If
so, all their optical light would be shifted to very long infrared
wavelengths by expansion of the universe.

Scientists eagerly awaited the Spitzer images to solve this puzzle.
Because Spitzer observes at infrared wavelengths up to 100 times
longer than those probed by Hubble, Spitzer might be able to see the
otherwise invisible objects. Indeed, the very first Spitzer images of
these objects, obtained earlier this year, immediately revealed the
telltale infrared glow from the host galaxies around all the missing
X-ray black holes.

Three of Koekemoer's galaxies are extremely "red," or bright, in
infrared. The Spitzer data, together with new images at shorter
infrared wavelengths from the Very Large Telescope at the European
Southern Observatory, indicate that the galaxies around these black
holes could be heavily obscured by dust, and perhaps more distant than
other known dust-obscured galaxies. Some of the other objects,
however, have quite different colors, and are even more intriguing.
"Their colors may be consistent with objects more distant than any now
known," said Dickinson, who cautioned that additional Spitzer
observations later this year will help confirm what kind of objects
these might be.

Old Galaxies Shine in Infrared: In another study using the same
Spitzer data, Dr. Haojing Yan of the California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, Calif., studied 17 unusual galaxies near the
Hubble Ultra Deep Field.  This small patch of sky within the GOODS
area was recently the target for the deepest optical images ever taken
with Hubble's Advanced Camera. The Deep Field optical images, released
in March 2004, reach more than five times fainter than the GOODS
Hubble data.  But even with that phenomenal sensitivity, two of the 17
Spitzer-selected objects remain completely invisible in optical light,
while the others are only faintly detected. Yan finds that these
galaxies get steadily brighter at longer wavelengths, and seem to be
more distant cousins of the so-called "Extremely Red Objects," known
from previous deep surveys. Most are distant galaxies that are red
because they are either old or dusty.  These new Spitzer-identified
objects, however, appear to lie farther away to a time when the
universe was only two billion years old.

 "These objects could be the remnants of the first stars -- the very
first galaxies formed in the earliest stages of the universe," said
Yan. Most galaxies that we see today formed their stars gradually over
a long period of time. But these 17 objects seem to be "old before
their time," perhaps almost as old as the universe itself at that
early epoch. "If we indeed are seeing the direct, 'pure' descendants
of the first stars, this would make a thrilling story," says Yan.
Further Spitzer observations at longer wavelengths, planned for later
this year, should help decide whether these objects are red because
they are old, or because they are young and actively forming stars
enveloped in dust.
Black Holes In Hiding: Using Hubble and Chandra data, Dr. Meg Urry, a
GOODS astronomer at Yale University, New Haven, Conn., and her team
suggest that most accreting black holes are hidden at visible
wavelengths, even in the early universe. Few such hidden black holes
had previously been found at such large distances, despite theoretical
arguments for their existence. They were missed because their visible
radiation is so dim they look like faint, ordinary galaxies. "With the
new Spitzer data these very luminous, distant objects are easily
visible," said Urry. "The great sensitivity of the new Spitzer
infrared cameras, combined with the superb spatial resolution of
Chandra, means that finding all of the black holes that are powered by
infalling gas is now possible."

Urry's team is using data from the three space observatories to take a
census of the supermassive black holes that formed two to five billion
years after the big bang. Most of these active galactic nuclei are
hidden by dust, which absorbs visible and some X-ray light but emits
strongly at infrared wavelengths. "The Spitzer GOODS observations
verify that large numbers - perhaps three-quarters - of the obscured
active galactic nuclei were indeed present in the early universe. The
longer-wavelength Spitzer data still to come will reveal even more
shrouded active galactic nuclei," said Urry, "including some, missed
by X-ray observations, which look like ultraluminous infrared
galaxies."

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the
Spitzer Space Telescope, with science operations conducted at Caltech.
The Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md. is operated by
the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. for
NASA, under contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,
Md. The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international
cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency. NASA's
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra
program for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington. Northrop
Grumman of Redondo Beach, Calif., formerly TRW, Inc., was the prime
development contractor for the observatory. The Smithsonian
Astrophysical Observatory controls science and flight operations from
the Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Mass.

Electronic images and additional information are available at:

http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/index.shtml<http://www.spitzer.calte=
ch.edu/Media/index.shtml>
http://hubblesite.org/news/2004/19<http://hubblesite.org/news/2004/19>
http://www.chandra.harvard.edu<http://www.chandra.harvard.edu/>      =20

-end-



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<BODY id=3DMailContainerBody=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 10px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; =
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normal; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; BORDER-RIGHT-STYLE: none; =
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<DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; PADDING-TOP: 10pt">----- Original =
Message -----=20
<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:info@jpl.nasa.gov=20
href=3D"mailto:info@jpl.nasa.gov">NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory</A> =
</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:ljk4@msn.com=20
href=3D"mailto:ljk4@msn.com">ljk4@msn.com</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, June 01, 2004 4:07 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Spitzer Leads NASA's Great Observatories to Uncover =
Black=20
Holes, Other Hidden Objects</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>MEDIA RELATIONS OFFICE<BR>JET PROPULSION =
LABORATORY<BR>CALIFORNIA=20
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY<BR>NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE=20
ADMINISTRATION<BR>PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE (818) =
354-5011<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://jpl.convio.net/site/R?i=3Dqw93meneerdO-3BCLCXxIg=20
href=3D"http://jpl.convio.net/site/R?i=3Dqw93meneerdO-3BCLCXxIg">http://j=
pl.convio.net/site/R?i=3Dqw93meneerdO-3BCLCXxIg</A>..<BR>&nbsp;<A=20
title=3Dhttp://jpl.convio.net/site/R?i=3DSF8JLDYd8DJO-3BCLCXxIg=20
href=3D"http://jpl.convio.net/site/R?i=3DSF8JLDYd8DJO-3BCLCXxIg">http://j=
pl.convio.net/site/R?i=3DSF8JLDYd8DJO-3BCLCXxIg</A>..<BR><BR>Whitney=20
Clavin (818) 648-9743<BR>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, =
Calif.<BR><BR>Ray=20
Villard&nbsp; (410) 338-4514<BR>Space Telescope Science Institute, =
Baltimore,=20
Md.<BR><BR>Megan Watzke&nbsp; (617) 496-7998<BR>Chandra X-Ray =
Observatory=20
Center, Cambridge, Mass.<BR><BR>News Release:&nbsp;=20
2004-138&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
June<BR>1, 2004<BR><BR>Spitzer Leads NASA's Great Observatories to =
Uncover Black=20
Holes, Other<BR>Hidden Objects<BR><BR>Astronomers unveiled the deepest =
images=20
from NASA's new Spitzer Space<BR>Telescope today and announced the =
detection of=20
distant objects --<BR>including several supermassive black holes -- that =
are=20
nearly<BR>invisible in even the deepest images from telescopes operating =

at<BR>other wavelengths.<BR><BR>Dr. Mark Dickinson, of the National =
Optical=20
Astronomy Observatory,<BR>Tucson, Ariz., principal investigator for the =
new=20
observations, said,<BR>"With these ultra-deep Spitzer images, we are =
easily=20
seeing objects<BR>throughout time and space, where the most distant =
known=20
galaxies lie.<BR>Moreover, we see some objects that are completely =
invisible,=20
but whose<BR>existence was hinted at by previous observations from the =
Chandra=20
and<BR>Hubble Observatories."<BR><BR>Seven of the objects detected by =
Spitzer=20
may be part of the<BR>long-sought population of "missing" supermassive =
black=20
holes that<BR>powered the bright cores of the earliest active galaxies.=20
The<BR>discovery completes a full accounting of all the X-ray sources =
seen=20
in<BR>one of the deepest surveys of the universe ever taken.<BR><BR>This =

detective story required the combined power of NASA's three=20
Great<BR>Observatories -- the Hubble Space Telescope, Chandra X-ray=20
Observatory<BR>and Spitzer Space Telescope. Each observatory studies=20
different<BR>wavelengths, from high-energy X-rays with Chandra, through=20
visible<BR>light with Hubble, and into the infrared with Spitzer. =
Together,=20
these<BR>telescopes yield far more information than any single=20
instrument.<BR><BR>All three telescopes looked as far as 13 billion =
light-years=20
away,<BR>toward a small patch of the southern sky containing more than=20
10,000<BR>galaxies, in a coordinated project called the Great=20
Observatories<BR>Origins Deep Survey (GOODS).&nbsp; Chandra images =
detected more=20
than 200<BR>X-ray sources believed to be supermassive black holes in the =

centers<BR>of young galaxies. Extremely hot interstellar gases falling =
into=20
the<BR>black holes produce the X-rays.<BR><BR>Hubble's Advanced Camera =
for=20
Surveys revealed optical galaxies around<BR>almost all the X-ray black =
holes.=20
However, seven mysterious X-ray<BR>sources remained for which there was =
no=20
optical galaxy. Dr. Anton<BR>Koekemoer of the Space Telescope Science =
Institute,=20
Baltimore, Md.,<BR>discovered these sources and has three intriguing=20
possibilities for<BR>their origin: "The galaxies around these black =
holes may be=20
completely<BR>hidden by thick clouds of dust absorbing all their light, =
or=20
may<BR>contain very old, red stars. Or some could be the most distant=20
black<BR>holes ever observed -- perhaps as far as 13 billion =
light-years."=20
If<BR>so, all their optical light would be shifted to very long=20
infrared<BR>wavelengths by expansion of the universe.<BR><BR>Scientists =
eagerly=20
awaited the Spitzer images to solve this puzzle.<BR>Because Spitzer =
observes at=20
infrared wavelengths up to 100 times<BR>longer than those probed by =
Hubble,=20
Spitzer might be able to see the<BR>otherwise invisible objects. Indeed, =
the=20
very first Spitzer images of<BR>these objects, obtained earlier this =
year,=20
immediately revealed the<BR>telltale infrared glow from the host =
galaxies around=20
all the missing<BR>X-ray black holes.<BR><BR>Three of Koekemoer's =
galaxies are=20
extremely "red," or bright, in<BR>infrared. The Spitzer data, together =
with new=20
images at shorter<BR>infrared wavelengths from the Very Large Telescope =
at the=20
European<BR>Southern Observatory, indicate that the galaxies around =
these=20
black<BR>holes could be heavily obscured by dust, and perhaps more =
distant=20
than<BR>other known dust-obscured galaxies. Some of the other=20
objects,<BR>however, have quite different colors, and are even more=20
intriguing.<BR>"Their colors may be consistent with objects more distant =
than=20
any now<BR>known," said Dickinson, who cautioned that additional=20
Spitzer<BR>observations later this year will help confirm what kind of=20
objects<BR>these might be.<BR><BR>Old Galaxies Shine in Infrared: In =
another=20
study using the same<BR>Spitzer data, Dr. Haojing Yan of the California=20
Institute of<BR>Technology, Pasadena, Calif., studied 17 unusual =
galaxies near=20
the<BR>Hubble Ultra Deep Field.&nbsp; This small patch of sky within the =

GOODS<BR>area was recently the target for the deepest optical images =
ever=20
taken<BR>with Hubble's Advanced Camera. The Deep Field optical images,=20
released<BR>in March 2004, reach more than five times fainter than the=20
GOODS<BR>Hubble data.&nbsp; But even with that phenomenal sensitivity, =
two of=20
the 17<BR>Spitzer-selected objects remain completely invisible in =
optical=20
light,<BR>while the others are only faintly detected. Yan finds that=20
these<BR>galaxies get steadily brighter at longer wavelengths, and seem =
to=20
be<BR>more distant cousins of the so-called "Extremely Red Objects,"=20
known<BR>from previous deep surveys. Most are distant galaxies that are=20
red<BR>because they are either old or dusty.&nbsp; These new=20
Spitzer-identified<BR>objects, however, appear to lie farther away to a =
time=20
when the<BR>universe was only two billion years old.<BR><BR>&nbsp;"These =
objects=20
could be the remnants of the first stars -- the very<BR>first galaxies =
formed in=20
the earliest stages of the universe," said<BR>Yan. Most galaxies that we =
see=20
today formed their stars gradually over<BR>a long period of time. But =
these 17=20
objects seem to be "old before<BR>their time," perhaps almost as old as =
the=20
universe itself at that<BR>early epoch. "If we indeed are seeing the =
direct,=20
'pure' descendants<BR>of the first stars, this would make a thrilling =
story,"=20
says Yan.<BR>Further Spitzer observations at longer wavelengths, planned =
for=20
later<BR>this year, should help decide whether these objects are red=20
because<BR>they are old, or because they are young and actively forming=20
stars<BR>enveloped in dust.<BR>Black Holes In Hiding: Using Hubble and =
Chandra=20
data, Dr. Meg Urry, a<BR>GOODS astronomer at Yale University, New Haven, =
Conn.,=20
and her team<BR>suggest that most accreting black holes are hidden at=20
visible<BR>wavelengths, even in the early universe. Few such hidden =
black=20
holes<BR>had previously been found at such large distances, despite=20
theoretical<BR>arguments for their existence. They were missed because =
their=20
visible<BR>radiation is so dim they look like faint, ordinary galaxies. =
"With=20
the<BR>new Spitzer data these very luminous, distant objects are=20
easily<BR>visible," said Urry. "The great sensitivity of the new=20
Spitzer<BR>infrared cameras, combined with the superb spatial resolution =

of<BR>Chandra, means that finding all of the black holes that are =
powered=20
by<BR>infalling gas is now possible."<BR><BR>Urry's team is using data =
from the=20
three space observatories to take a<BR>census of the supermassive black =
holes=20
that formed two to five billion<BR>years after the big bang. Most of =
these=20
active galactic nuclei are<BR>hidden by dust, which absorbs visible and =
some=20
X-ray light but emits<BR>strongly at infrared wavelengths. "The Spitzer =
GOODS=20
observations<BR>verify that large numbers - perhaps three-quarters - of =
the=20
obscured<BR>active galactic nuclei were indeed present in the early =
universe.=20
The<BR>longer-wavelength Spitzer data still to come will reveal even=20
more<BR>shrouded active galactic nuclei," said Urry, "including some,=20
missed<BR>by X-ray observations, which look like ultraluminous=20
infrared<BR>galaxies."<BR><BR>NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, =
Pasadena,=20
Calif., manages the<BR>Spitzer Space Telescope, with science operations=20
conducted at Caltech.<BR>The Space Telescope Science Institute, =
Baltimore, Md.=20
is operated by<BR>the Association of Universities for Research in =
Astronomy,=20
Inc. for<BR>NASA, under contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center,=20
Greenbelt,<BR>Md. The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of=20
international<BR>cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency. =

NASA's<BR>Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala., manages the=20
Chandra<BR>program for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington.=20
Northrop<BR>Grumman of Redondo Beach, Calif., formerly TRW, Inc., was =
the=20
prime<BR>development contractor for the observatory. The=20
Smithsonian<BR>Astrophysical Observatory controls science and flight =
operations=20
from<BR>the Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Mass.<BR><BR>Electronic =
images=20
and additional information are available at:<BR><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/index.shtml=20
href=3D"http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/index.shtml">http://www.spit=
zer.caltech.edu/Media/index.shtml</A><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://hubblesite.org/news/2004/19=20
href=3D"http://hubblesite.org/news/2004/19">http://hubblesite.org/news/20=
04/19</A><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.chandra.harvard.edu/=20
href=3D"http://www.chandra.harvard.edu">http://www.chandra.harvard.edu</A=
>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
<BR><BR>-end-<BR><BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: SETI public: Fw: First Light Newsletter - June 2004
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----- Original Message -----=20
From: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory<mailto:firstlight@jpl.nasa.gov>=20
To: ljk4@msn.com<mailto:ljk4@msn.com>=20
Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2004 8:42 PM
Subject: First Light Newsletter - June 2004


First Light Newsletter - June 2004

Test Your Ozone IQ

As NASA prepares to launch Aura, an Earth-observing satellite that will =
study the health of our atmosphere, you can test your knowledge of =
Earth's ozone. Take our interactive quiz, learn about ozone and find out =
what scientists hope to discover with Aura.

The mission is scheduled to launch June 19. Check the JPL home page =
afterwards to view a launch slide show.

+ Take the quiz
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/auraquiz<http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/multi=
media/auraquiz>

+ Aura home page
http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov<http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/>

-------------------------------------------------=20

Hello Ring World


In anticipation of its June 30 arrival at Saturn, the Cassini mission is =
posting new images almost every day. Visit the mission site for the =
latest news and images during the approach to this magnificent and =
mysterious planet.

+ Cassini home page
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/index.cfm<http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/index.cfm=
>
=20
+ Sign up for e-postcards from Saturn (select e-postcards as a =
preference)=20
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/signup/index.cfm<http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/signup/i=
ndex.cfm>

------------------------------------------------- =20

Cosmic Trip Planner

How long does it take to travel to the nearest star? The nearest =
planetary system? Use PlanetQuest's new Interstellar Trip Planner to =
plan an out-of-this-world journey.=20
Bon voyage!

+ Plan a Trip
http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/trip_planner_launch.html<http://planetque=
st.jpl.nasa.gov/trip_planner_launch.html>

------------------------------------------------- =20

Ask JPL=20

The latest question from a viewer asks how the lenses on the Mars rovers =
are kept clean of martian dust. This video series invites the public to =
send us their Earth science, space science and technology questions.

+Go to Ask JPL video
* Selected questions will be posted on the Web site.
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/ask-jpl/camera-lens.cfm<http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/a=
sk-jpl/camera-lens.cfm>


To unsubscribe from all future e-mail, paste the following URL into your =
browser:
http://jpl.convio.net/site/CO?i=3Doss7xjSKOQWrF8UBUIJKuI8uFizeWeKm<http:/=
/jpl.convio.net/site/CO?i=3Doss7xjSKOQWrF8UBUIJKuI8uFizeWeKm>=20


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<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; PADDING-TOP: 10pt">----- Original =
Message -----=20
<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:firstlight@jpl.nasa.gov=20
href=3D"mailto:firstlight@jpl.nasa.gov">NASA Jet Propulsion =
Laboratory</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:ljk4@msn.com=20
href=3D"mailto:ljk4@msn.com">ljk4@msn.com</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, June 01, 2004 8:42 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> First Light Newsletter - June 2004</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>First Light Newsletter - June 2004<BR><BR>Test Your Ozone =

IQ<BR><BR>As NASA prepares to launch Aura, an Earth-observing satellite =
that=20
will study the health of our atmosphere, you can test your knowledge of =
Earth's=20
ozone. Take our interactive quiz, learn about ozone and find out what =
scientists=20
hope to discover with Aura.<BR><BR>The mission is scheduled to launch =
June 19.=20
Check the JPL home page afterwards to view a launch slide show.<BR><BR>+ =
Take=20
the quiz<BR><A title=3Dhttp://www.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/auraquiz=20
href=3D"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/auraquiz">http://www.jpl.nasa.=
gov/multimedia/auraquiz</A><BR><BR>+=20
Aura home page<BR><A title=3Dhttp://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/=20
href=3D"http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov">http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov</A><BR><BR>-=
------------------------------------------------=20
<BR><BR>Hello Ring World<BR><BR><BR>In anticipation of its June 30 =
arrival at=20
Saturn, the Cassini mission is posting new images almost every day. =
Visit the=20
mission site for the latest news and images during the approach to this=20
magnificent and mysterious planet.<BR><BR>+ Cassini home page<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/index.cfm=20
href=3D"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/index.cfm">http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/=
index.cfm</A><BR>&nbsp;<BR>+=20
Sign up for e-postcards from Saturn (select e-postcards as a preference) =
<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.jpl.nasa.gov/signup/index.cfm=20
href=3D"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/signup/index.cfm">http://www.jpl.nasa.gov=
/signup/index.cfm</A><BR><BR>--------------------------------------------=
-----&nbsp;=20
<BR><BR>Cosmic Trip Planner<BR><BR>How long does it take to travel to =
the=20
nearest star? The nearest planetary system? Use PlanetQuest's new =
Interstellar=20
Trip Planner to plan an out-of-this-world journey. <BR>Bon =
voyage!<BR><BR>+ Plan=20
a Trip<BR><A =
title=3Dhttp://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/trip_planner_launch.html=20
href=3D"http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/trip_planner_launch.html">http://=
planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/trip_planner_launch.html</A><BR><BR>------------=
-------------------------------------&nbsp;=20
<BR><BR>Ask JPL <BR><BR>The latest question from a viewer asks how the =
lenses on=20
the Mars rovers are kept clean of martian dust. This video series =
invites the=20
public to send us their Earth science, space science and technology=20
questions.<BR><BR>+Go to Ask JPL video<BR>* Selected questions will be =
posted on=20
the Web site.<BR><A =
title=3Dhttp://www.jpl.nasa.gov/ask-jpl/camera-lens.cfm=20
href=3D"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/ask-jpl/camera-lens.cfm">http://www.jpl.n=
asa.gov/ask-jpl/camera-lens.cfm</A><BR><BR><BR>To=20
unsubscribe from all future e-mail, paste the following URL into your=20
browser:<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://jpl.convio.net/site/CO?i=3Doss7xjSKOQWrF8UBUIJKuI8uFizeWeK=
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=20
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To: "setipublic" <public@setileague.org>
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Subject: SETI public: Fw: Space-Weather-Outlook
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----- Original Message -----=20
From: Space Environment Center<mailto:sec@sec.noaa.gov>=20
To: =
advisory-list-send@dawn.sec.noaa.gov<mailto:advisory-list-send@dawn.sec.n=
oaa.gov>=20
Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2004 4:50 PM
Subject: Space-Weather-Outlook


Official Space Weather Advisory issued by NOAA Space Environment Center
Boulder, Colorado, USA

SPACE WEATHER ADVISORY OUTLOOK #04- 22
2004 June 01 at 02:41 p.m. MDT (2004 June 01 2041 UTC)

**** SPACE WEATHER OUTLOOK ****

Summary For May 24-30
There were no space weather storms during this summary period.

Outlook For June 2-8
Space weather for the next week is expected to reach minor levels.=20
There is chance for category G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm periods early
in the week due to high speed solar wind from a coronal hole.=20
There is a also a small chance for R1 (minor) radio blackouts due to
solar flare activity from Region 621.

Data used to provide space weather services are contributed by NOAA,=20
USAF, NASA, NSF, USGS, the International Space Environment Services=20
and other observatories, universities, and institutions. For more=20
information, including email services, see SEC's Space Weather=20
Advisories Web site =
http://sec.noaa.gov/advisories<http://sec.noaa.gov/advisories> or (303) =
497-5127.

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<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; PADDING-TOP: 10pt">----- Original =
Message -----=20
<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:sec@sec.noaa.gov=20
href=3D"mailto:sec@sec.noaa.gov">Space Environment Center</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:advisory-list-send@dawn.sec.noaa.gov=20
href=3D"mailto:advisory-list-send@dawn.sec.noaa.gov">advisory-list-send@d=
awn.sec.noaa.gov</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, June 01, 2004 4:50 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Space-Weather-Outlook</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>Official Space Weather Advisory issued by NOAA Space =
Environment=20
Center<BR>Boulder, Colorado, USA<BR><BR>SPACE WEATHER ADVISORY OUTLOOK =
#04-=20
22<BR>2004 June 01 at 02:41 p.m. MDT (2004 June 01 2041 UTC)<BR><BR>**** =
SPACE=20
WEATHER OUTLOOK ****<BR><BR>Summary For May 24-30<BR>There were no space =
weather=20
storms during this summary period.<BR><BR>Outlook For June 2-8<BR>Space =
weather=20
for the next week is expected to reach minor levels. <BR>There is chance =
for=20
category G1 (minor) geomagnetic storm periods early<BR>in the week due =
to high=20
speed solar wind from a coronal hole. <BR>There is a also a small chance =
for R1=20
(minor) radio blackouts due to<BR>solar flare activity from Region=20
621.<BR><BR>Data used to provide space weather services are contributed =
by NOAA,=20
<BR>USAF, NASA, NSF, USGS, the International Space Environment Services =
<BR>and=20
other observatories, universities, and institutions. For more =
<BR>information,=20
including email services, see SEC's Space Weather <BR>Advisories Web =
site <A=20
title=3Dhttp://sec.noaa.gov/advisories=20
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Science/Astronomy:

* Primal Scream: The Infant Universe Speaks

http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/big_bang_sound_040601.html<http://w=
ww.space.com/scienceastronomy/big_bang_sound_040601.html>

An astronomer has turned observations of the early universe into a sound =
clip that represents a primal scream from the first million years after =
the Big Bang.


* Dark Energy Tied to Human Origins
http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html<http://w=
ww.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html>

Among the most elusive and important questions in science are whether =
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universe apart. Neither is likely to be answered anytime soon, yet each =
occupies many great minds and together they drive billions of dollars in =
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<DIV>Science/Astronomy:<BR><BR>* Primal Scream: The Infant Universe =
Speaks</DIV>
<DIV><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/big_bang_sound_040601.html =

href=3D"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/big_bang_sound_040601.html"=
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<DIV><BR>* Dark Energy Tied to Human Origins<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html =

href=3D"http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040531.html"=
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<BR>Among=20
the most elusive and important questions in science are whether we're =
alone and=20
what the heck that strange stuff is that's pushing the universe apart. =
Neither=20
is likely to be answered anytime soon, yet each occupies many great =
minds and=20
together they drive billions of dollars in research spending every=20
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----- Original Message -----=20
From: NewsAlert<mailto:sfn_newsalert@spaceflightnow.com>=20
To: Newsalert<mailto:newsalert@list.astrolists.com>=20
Sent: Wednesday, June 02, 2004 5:38 PM
Subject: NASA's Great Observatories reveal black holes, hidden objects


             NEWSALERT: Wednesday, June 2, 2004 @ 2142 GMT
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------
          The latest news from Astronomy Now and Spaceflight Now


+++ BEST SELLERS: Check out the latest space books
    U.S. STORE:
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GREAT OBSERVATORIES FIND BLACK HOLES, HIDDEN OBJECTS
----------------------------------------------------
Astronomers unveiled the deepest images from NASA's new Spitzer Space
Telescope Tuesday and announced the detection of distant objects --
including several supermassive black holes -- that are nearly invisible =
in
even the deepest images from telescopes operating at other wavelengths.

  =
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01hidden/<http://spaceflightnow.com/=
news/n0406/01hidden/>


ROBOTIC SERVICING MISSION TO HUBBLE CONSIDERED
----------------------------------------------
NASA is asking for proposals to mount a robotic mission to service the
Hubble Space Telescope, the agency announced Tuesday. Earlier this year,
NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe killed plans to launch a final space
shuttle servicing mission due to human safety concerns in the wake of
Columbia. Read the NASA announcement:

  =
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01hubble/<http://spaceflightnow.com/=
news/n0406/01hubble/>


PARALLELOGRAM-SHAPED GALACTIC MEAL SPIED
----------------------------------------
Peering into the "gut" of the galaxy Centaurus A, NASA's Spitzer Space
Telescope has captured in unprecedented detail this massive galaxy's =
last
big meal: a spiral galaxy twisted into a parallelogram-shaped structure =
of
dust.

  =
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01parallelogram/<http://spaceflightn=
ow.com/news/n0406/01parallelogram/>


NEXT GPS SPACECRAFT AWAITS NEW LAUNCH DATE
------------------------------------------
This week's planned launch of the next Global Positioning System =
satellite
aboard a Boeing Delta 2 rocket has been delayed a few days so workers =
can
replace a suspect pump.

  =
http://spaceflightnow.com/delta/d305/040531preview.html<http://spacefligh=
tnow.com/delta/d305/040531preview.html>


EUROPE'S ROSETTA PROBE OBSERVES COMET LINEAR
--------------------------------------------
ESA's comet-chaser Rosetta, whose 10-year journey to its final target
Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko started on March 2, is well on its way.
The first phase of commissioning is close to completion and Rosetta has
successfully performed its first scientific activity - observation of
Comet Linear.

  =
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/30cometlinear/<http://spaceflightnow=
com/news/n0405/30cometlinear/>


VEGA ROCKET ONE STEP NEARER
---------------------------
An important step forward has just been made in the development of the
European Space Agency's Vega launcher. After several months work at the
Guiana Propellant Plant at Europe's Spaceport, the inert casting of the
main Vega motor has been successfully carried out.

  =
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/30vega/<http://spaceflightnow.com/ne=
ws/n0405/30vega/>


DOUBLE STARS EMERGE AS HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPIONS
--------------------------------------------
About 20,000 light-years from Earth, two massive stars grapple with each
other like sumo wrestlers locked in combat. Both giants, each weighing =
in
at around 80 times the mass of our Sun, are the heaviest stars ever. =
They
orbit each other every 3.7 days, nearly touching as they spin on the
celestial stage.

  =
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/29doublestars/<http://spaceflightnow=
com/news/n0405/29doublestars/>


MOON TELLS OF UNEXPECTED EARTH CLIMATE CHANGES
----------------------------------------------
Scientists who monitor Earth's reflectance by measuring the moon's
"earthshine" have observed unexpectedly large climate fluctuations =
during
the past two decades.

  =
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/28earthshine/<http://spaceflightnow.=
com/news/n0405/28earthshine/>


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

                  A DIGITAL RECORD OF SPACE HISTORY

 Visit the Astronomy Now Store for a full listing of space DVD discs.
           New digital transfers offer the ultimate record
                   of the Apollo Moon landings.

         U.S. Store: =
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<a =
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HOLES, HIDDEN OBJECTS</a>

<a =
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HUBBLE CONSIDERED</a>

<a =
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RAM-SHAPED<http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01parallelogram/">PARALLE=
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<a =
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SPACECRAFT AWAITS NEW LAUNCH DATE</a>

<a =
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PROBE OBSERVES COMET LINEAR</a>

<a =
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ightnow.com/news/n0405/30vega/">VEGA> ROCKET ONE STEP NEARER</a>

<a =
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//spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/29doublestars/">DOUBLE> STARS EMERGE AS =
HEAVYWEIGHT CHAMPIONS</a>

<a =
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<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; PADDING-TOP: 10pt">----- Original =
Message -----=20
<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:sfn_newsalert@spaceflightnow.com=20
href=3D"mailto:sfn_newsalert@spaceflightnow.com">NewsAlert</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:newsalert@list.astrolists.com=20
href=3D"mailto:newsalert@list.astrolists.com">Newsalert</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, June 02, 2004 5:38 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> NASA's Great Observatories reveal black holes, =
hidden=20
objects</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
NEWSALERT: Wednesday, June 2, 2004 @ 2142 GMT<BR>&nbsp;=20
---------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
The latest news from Astronomy Now and Spaceflight Now<BR><BR><BR>+++ =
BEST=20
SELLERS: Check out the latest space books<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S.=20
STORE:<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.astronomynowstore.com/us/catalog/index.php?cPath=3D24 =

href=3D"http://www.astronomynowstore.com/us/catalog/index.php?cPath=3D24"=
>http://www.astronomynowstore.com/us/catalog/index.php?cPath=3D24</A><BR>=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
U.K. STORE: <A title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/wwstore/books/=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/wwstore/books/">http://spaceflightnow.c=
om/wwstore/books/</A><BR><BR><BR>GREAT=20
OBSERVATORIES FIND BLACK HOLES, HIDDEN=20
OBJECTS<BR>----------------------------------------------------<BR>Astron=
omers=20
unveiled the deepest images from NASA's new Spitzer Space<BR>Telescope =
Tuesday=20
and announced the detection of distant objects --<BR>including several=20
supermassive black holes -- that are nearly invisible in<BR>even the =
deepest=20
images from telescopes operating at other wavelengths.<BR><BR>&nbsp; <A=20
title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01hidden/=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01hidden/">http://spacefligh=
tnow.com/news/n0406/01hidden/</A><BR><BR><BR>ROBOTIC=20
SERVICING MISSION TO HUBBLE=20
CONSIDERED<BR>----------------------------------------------<BR>NASA is =
asking=20
for proposals to mount a robotic mission to service the<BR>Hubble Space=20
Telescope, the agency announced Tuesday. Earlier this year,<BR>NASA=20
Administrator Sean O'Keefe killed plans to launch a final =
space<BR>shuttle=20
servicing mission due to human safety concerns in the wake =
of<BR>Columbia. Read=20
the NASA announcement:<BR><BR>&nbsp; <A=20
title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01hubble/=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01hubble/">http://spacefligh=
tnow.com/news/n0406/01hubble/</A><BR><BR><BR>PARALLELOGRAM-SHAPED=20
GALACTIC MEAL =
SPIED<BR>----------------------------------------<BR>Peering into=20
the "gut" of the galaxy Centaurus A, NASA's Spitzer Space<BR>Telescope =
has=20
captured in unprecedented detail this massive galaxy's last<BR>big meal: =
a=20
spiral galaxy twisted into a parallelogram-shaped structure=20
of<BR>dust.<BR><BR>&nbsp; <A=20
title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01parallelogram/=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01parallelogram/">http://spa=
ceflightnow.com/news/n0406/01parallelogram/</A><BR><BR><BR>NEXT=20
GPS SPACECRAFT AWAITS NEW LAUNCH=20
DATE<BR>------------------------------------------<BR>This week's =
planned launch=20
of the next Global Positioning System satellite<BR>aboard a Boeing Delta =
2=20
rocket has been delayed a few days so workers can<BR>replace a suspect=20
pump.<BR><BR>&nbsp; <A=20
title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/delta/d305/040531preview.html=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/delta/d305/040531preview.html">http://s=
paceflightnow.com/delta/d305/040531preview.html</A><BR><BR><BR>EUROPE'S=20
ROSETTA PROBE OBSERVES COMET=20
LINEAR<BR>--------------------------------------------<BR>ESA's =
comet-chaser=20
Rosetta, whose 10-year journey to its final target<BR>Comet=20
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko started on March 2, is well on its way.<BR>The =
first=20
phase of commissioning is close to completion and Rosetta =
has<BR>successfully=20
performed its first scientific activity - observation of<BR>Comet=20
Linear.<BR><BR>&nbsp; <A=20
title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/30cometlinear/=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/30cometlinear/">http://space=
flightnow.com/news/n0405/30cometlinear/</A><BR><BR><BR>VEGA=20
ROCKET ONE STEP NEARER<BR>---------------------------<BR>An important =
step=20
forward has just been made in the development of the<BR>European Space =
Agency's=20
Vega launcher. After several months work at the<BR>Guiana Propellant =
Plant at=20
Europe's Spaceport, the inert casting of the<BR>main Vega motor has been =

successfully carried out.<BR><BR>&nbsp; <A=20
title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/30vega/=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/30vega/">http://spaceflightn=
ow.com/news/n0405/30vega/</A><BR><BR><BR>DOUBLE=20
STARS EMERGE AS HEAVYWEIGHT=20
CHAMPIONS<BR>--------------------------------------------<BR>About =
20,000=20
light-years from Earth, two massive stars grapple with each<BR>other =
like sumo=20
wrestlers locked in combat. Both giants, each weighing in<BR>at around =
80 times=20
the mass of our Sun, are the heaviest stars ever. They<BR>orbit each =
other every=20
3.7 days, nearly touching as they spin on the<BR>celestial =
stage.<BR><BR>&nbsp;=20
<A title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/29doublestars/=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/29doublestars/">http://space=
flightnow.com/news/n0405/29doublestars/</A><BR><BR><BR>MOON=20
TELLS OF UNEXPECTED EARTH CLIMATE=20
CHANGES<BR>----------------------------------------------<BR>Scientists =
who=20
monitor Earth's reflectance by measuring the moon's<BR>"earthshine" have =

observed unexpectedly large climate fluctuations during<BR>the past two=20
decades.<BR><BR>&nbsp; <A=20
title=3Dhttp://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/28earthshine/=20
href=3D"http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0405/28earthshine/">http://spacef=
lightnow.com/news/n0405/28earthshine/</A><BR><BR><BR>--------------------=
---------------------------------------------------<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
A DIGITAL RECORD OF SPACE HISTORY<BR><BR>&nbsp;Visit the Astronomy Now =
Store for=20
a full listing of space DVD=20
discs.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
New=20
digital transfers offer the ultimate=20
record<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
of the Apollo Moon=20
landings.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; U.S. =
Store: <A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.astronomynowstore.com/us/catalog/=20
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ynowstore.com/us/catalog/</A><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
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NCAR Scientist to View Venus's Atmosphere during Transit, Search for =
Water Vapor on Distant Planet=20

http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=3D14328<http://www.spaceref.=
com/news/viewpr.html?pid=3D14328>=20

"On June 8 Earth-based solar telescopes will follow a tiny black orb as =
it appears to travel effortlessly across a=20
wrinkled, brilliant sea.  Peering through a specialized solar telescope =
in the Canary Islands, Timothy Brown will=20
study the chemical composition and winds of Venus's upper atmosphere, a =
region poorly observed until now."


-- Distant Young Galaxy Hints at Gradual End to the Dark Ages=20
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=3D14333<http://www.spaceref.=
com/news/viewpr.html?pid=3D14333>=20

"Astronomers have peered into the fog of the early universe and =
discovered  a young and extremely distant=20
galaxy at a time when the Universe was  only about six percent of its =
present age. When compared with other =20
recent findings about the "dark ages" of the early universe, this =
discovery  suggests that this murky era could=20
have lasted the better part of a billion  years."=20


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<DIV>NCAR Scientist to View Venus's Atmosphere during Transit, Search =
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<DIV><BR><A title=3Dhttp://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=3D14328 =

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<BR><BR>"On June 8 Earth-based solar telescopes will follow a tiny black =
orb as=20
it appears to travel effortlessly across a <BR>wrinkled, brilliant =
sea.&nbsp;=20
Peering through a specialized solar telescope in the Canary Islands, =
Timothy=20
Brown will <BR>study the chemical composition and winds of Venus's upper =

atmosphere, a region poorly observed until now."<BR><BR><BR>-- Distant =
Young=20
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title=3Dhttp://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=3D14333=20
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<BR><BR>"Astronomers have peered into the fog of the early universe and=20
discovered&nbsp; a young and extremely distant <BR>galaxy at a time when =
the=20
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compared with=20
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Subject: SETI public: Fw: Life goes on without 'vital' DNA
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----- Original Message -----=20
From: newsletter@newscientist.com<mailto:newsletter@newscientist.com> =20
Sent: Thursday, June 03, 2004 11:46 AM
Subject: Life goes on without 'vital' DNA


NewScientist.com newsletter, 3 June 2004

welcome to the New Scientist newsletter, which this=20
week reveals how life surprisingly continued as normal for mice that=20
had huge chunks of DNA deleted, how supposedly ephemeral computer=20
data hangs around as easy pickings for hackers and how baby food=20
could trigger meningitis.

If you would prefer to receive an HTML version of this newsletter,=20
please visit:=20
http://www.prq0.com/quickstart/survey.asp?e=3DXbcajfijDE-RaA&oid=3DUcjjbC=
B<http://www.prq0.com/quickstart/survey.asp?e=3DXbcajfijDE-RaA&oid=3DUcjj=
bCB>

EDITOR'S CHOICE:=20
It's not often that the audience at a scientific meeting gasps in=20
amazement during a talk. But that's what happened when researchers=20
revealed the result of deleting huge chunks of seemingly vital DNA=20
from lab mice. Instead of the serious problems they were expecting,=20
the mice could still run around, ate and slept normally, and overall=20
appeared to have nothing at all wrong with them. The discovery=20
leaves researchers wondering why the DNA targeted has been so=20
carefully conserved during evolution. MORE
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995063<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995063>

TOP STORIES:

Risk of radioactive 'dirty bomb' growing
Such an attack looks increasingly likely, as the world struggles to=20
control the trafficking of raw materials for such a weapon
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995061<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995061>

Passwords can sit on hard disks for years
Supposedly ephemeral data can hang around, warn researchers who have=20
found a way to track data through computer memory=20
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995064<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995064>

Baby food could trigger meningitis
An extensive survey of baby foods finds they contain worrying levels=20
of disease-causing microbes
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995062<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995062>
=20
Dancing lasers levitate carbon nanotubes
The trick may offer engineers who want to build microchips from=20
nanotube components a way to move the tiny devices into place
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995065<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995065>
 =20
Massive black holes common in early Universe
Astronomers reveal hundreds of hidden giants - most are buried in=20
dust and were only found by combining data from several telescopes
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995060<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995060>

Cows immune to BSE near reality
A major advance towards producing prion-free cows is made by=20
researchers aiming to produce human antibodies in milk
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995059<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995059>

Pumped-up dummy does the ironing
A human-shaped dummy that fills itself with hot air is the first=20
machine designed for the home that can press shirts
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995058<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995058>
=20
7-million digit prime number discovered
The prime is the largest yet found, and was revealed by a=20
mathematics enthusiast using his desktop computer
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995057<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995057>=20

Genetically-modified virus explodes cancer cells
The GM virus selectively sweeps through cancer cells and kills them,=20
while leaving normal tissue unharmed
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995056<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995056>
=20
Bug-laden foam destroys stink of manure
It would be sprayed onto the dung heaps or lagoons at intensive=20
farms, to freshen the air for local communities
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995055<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995055>
=20
'Smart bullet' reports back wirelessly
The projectile can be fired at a target and then transmit=20
information collected by a tiny inbuilt sensor
http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995054<http://www.news=
cientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995054>

AND FINALLY...
Have you ever wondered what life would be like if the Earth was=20
hollow below the crust? Frying, starving, freezing and drowning=20
would be just some of the problems. Find out more in this week's=20
Last Word section...MORE
http://www.newscientist.com/lastword/article.jsp?id=3Dlw1094<http://www.n=
ewscientist.com/lastword/article.jsp?id=3Dlw1094>

THIS WEEK'S PRINT EDITION:
To subscribe to New Scientist magazine go to:=20
http://www.qssa.co.uk/new_scientist/default.asp?promcode=3D1854&stu=3Dno&=
rb=3Dng<http://www.qssa.co.uk/new_scientist/default.asp?promcode=3D1854&s=
tu=3Dno&rb=3Dng>

FEATURES=20

VENUS SPECIAL
SECOND ROCK FROM THE SUN
Just in time for Venus' first transit of the sun in 120 years, New=20
Scientist brings you a complete guide to the planet, including where=20
and when to watch the transit

FELLED BY FUNGUS
The multibillion dollar trade in exotic plans is bringing a=20
mysterious killer to native trees around the globe

WHEN NERVES BREAK DOWN
Multiple sclerosis is usually blamed on an immune attack on the=20
body's nerves, but neurologist Howard Weiner says there are hints of=20
a hidden side to MS

TECHNOLOGY:
COOL FLAME, HOT PROSPECTS
Peculiar low-temperature flames are promising to cut pollution and=20
change our approach to combustion

NEWS
Antibiotics in brids nests
Speeding up light
Tidal-wave warnings

To subscribe to New Scientist magazine go to:=20
http://www.qssa.co.uk/new_scientist/default.asp?promcode=3D1854&stu=3Dno&=
rb=3Dng<http://www.qssa.co.uk/new_scientist/default.asp?promcode=3D1854&s=
tu=3Dno&rb=3Dng>


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<DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; PADDING-TOP: 10pt">----- Original =
Message -----=20
<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:newsletter@newscientist.com=20
href=3D"mailto:newsletter@newscientist.com">newsletter@newscientist.com</=
A>&nbsp;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, June 03, 2004 11:46 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Life goes on without 'vital' DNA</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>NewScientist.com newsletter, 3 June 2004<BR><BR>welcome =
to the=20
New Scientist newsletter, which this <BR>week reveals how life =
surprisingly=20
continued as normal for mice that <BR>had huge chunks of DNA deleted, =
how=20
supposedly ephemeral computer <BR>data hangs around as easy pickings for =
hackers=20
and how baby food <BR>could trigger meningitis.<BR><BR>If you would =
prefer to=20
receive an HTML version of this newsletter, <BR>please visit: <BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.prq0.com/quickstart/survey.asp?e=3DXbcajfijDE-RaA&amp;=
oid=3DUcjjbCB=20
href=3D"http://www.prq0.com/quickstart/survey.asp?e=3DXbcajfijDE-RaA&amp;=
oid=3DUcjjbCB">http://www.prq0.com/quickstart/survey.asp?e=3DXbcajfijDE-R=
aA&amp;oid=3DUcjjbCB</A><BR><BR>EDITOR'S=20
CHOICE: <BR>It's not often that the audience at a scientific meeting =
gasps in=20
<BR>amazement during a talk. But that's what happened when researchers=20
<BR>revealed the result of deleting huge chunks of seemingly vital DNA =
<BR>from=20
lab mice. Instead of the serious problems they were expecting, <BR>the =
mice=20
could still run around, ate and slept normally, and overall <BR>appeared =
to have=20
nothing at all wrong with them. The discovery <BR>leaves researchers =
wondering=20
why the DNA targeted has been so <BR>carefully conserved during =
evolution.=20
MORE<BR><A =
title=3Dhttp://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995063=20
href=3D"http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995063">http:/=
/www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995063</A><BR><BR>TOP=20
STORIES:<BR><BR>Risk of radioactive 'dirty bomb' growing<BR>Such an =
attack looks=20
increasingly likely, as the world struggles to <BR>control the =
trafficking of=20
raw materials for such a weapon<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995061=20
href=3D"http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995061">http:/=
/www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995061</A><BR><BR>Passwords =

can sit on hard disks for years<BR>Supposedly ephemeral data can hang =
around,=20
warn researchers who have <BR>found a way to track data through computer =
memory=20
<BR><A title=3Dhttp://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995064 =

href=3D"http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995064">http:/=
/www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995064</A><BR><BR>Baby=20
food could trigger meningitis<BR>An extensive survey of baby foods finds =
they=20
contain worrying levels <BR>of disease-causing microbes<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995062=20
href=3D"http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995062">http:/=
/www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995062</A><BR>&nbsp;<BR>Danc=
ing=20
lasers levitate carbon nanotubes<BR>The trick may offer engineers who =
want to=20
build microchips from <BR>nanotube components a way to move the tiny =
devices=20
into place<BR><A =
title=3Dhttp://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995065=20
href=3D"http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995065">http:/=
/www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995065</A><BR>&nbsp;=20
<BR>Massive black holes common in early Universe<BR>Astronomers reveal =
hundreds=20
of hidden giants - most are buried in <BR>dust and were only found by =
combining=20
data from several telescopes<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=3Dns99995060=20
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----- Original Message -----=20
From: Phil Plait, aka The Bad =
Astronomer<mailto:badastro@badastronomy.com>=20
To: badastronomy@yahoogroups.com<mailto:badastronomy@yahoogroups.com>=20
Sent: Sunday, June 06, 2004 12:28 AM
Subject: [badastronomy] Bad Astronomy Newsletter Issue #51 (June 5, =
2004)


------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~-->=20
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--------------------------------------------------------------------~->=20


THE BAD ASTRONOMY NEWSLETTER

Issue #51
June 5, 2004
http://www.badastronomy.com<http://www.badastronomy.com/>
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/badastronomy<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/=
badastronomy>


*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


Bad Astronomy Newsletter #51

Contents:

   1) The Transit of Venus
   2) Not astronomy, but weird anyway
   3) Hubble Beauties
   4) Did Hubble find a planet?
   5) Binary star flunks out of weight watchers
   6) One year anniversary of the not destruction of the Earth
   7) Subscribe/Unsubscribe info


*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


1) The Transit of Venus

On Tuesday, June 8, Venus will pass directly in front of the Sun. This =
kind
of event, called a transit, is pretty rare. The last one was in 1882! =
Rather
than blather (and lather and slather) on about it here in this =
newsletter,
I'll just direct you to my new page about it:

http://www.badastronomy.com/fun/venustransit2004.html<http://www.badastro=
nomy.com/fun/venustransit2004.html>

There are links to many other sites there with lots of information. I'll
add that I'll be in my media darling mode on Tuesday, doing lots of=20
brief interviews for TV stations across the US. There is a list of =
stations
and times on that page. Warning: I am not responsible for cracked TV =
sets.


*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


2) Not astronomy, but weird anyway

I saw this and was amazed. It's about shear forces in thick, viscous =
fluids.
Yeah, sounds great, right? Well, take a look. It is truly weird and =
very,
very cool.

http://chaos.ph.utexas.edu/research/vibrated_cornstarch.htm<http://chaos.=
ph.utexas.edu/research/vibrated_cornstarch.htm>


*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


3) Hubble Beauties

Astronomy is much more than just pretty pictures, but then, it also *is* =

a lot of pretty pictures. Here are a couple for you:

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0407a.html<http://www.space=
telescope.org/images/html/heic0407a.html>

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0408a.html<http://www.space=
telescope.org/images/html/heic0408a.html>

By the way, NASA administrator Sean O'Keefe this week said that NASA =
will
investigate a robotic mission to service the ailing Hubble. Proposals =
will
be accepted in the coming months. Keep your ears open. Until then, read =
here
for more:

http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/robotic_mission_hubble_considered=
html?162004<http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/robotic_mission_hubb=
le_considered.html?162004>


*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


4) Did Hubble find a planet?

A few years back, a scientist claimed that a new planet may have been =
seen=20
in a Hubble image. It turned out to be a background star, and the claim =
was
retracted.=20

A new image may yet be the real thing. Or it might not. Without =
confirming
spectra and further images, no one can be sure whether this new image =
shows a
planet or not. It shows a white dwarf (a burned-out star) with a =
point-source
of light next to it. Like that other image, it might be a background =
star, or
it might be a planet orbiting the white dwarf.

The only thing to do is wait: new images will be taken in the
future, giving the star time to move against the background of other =
stars.
If the star and the other object appear to be moving together,
then we may have a bona-fide planet. Personally, it seems to me like a =
long
shot, but it's worth looking into it.=20

Here's the scoop:

http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040510.html<http://w=
ww.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040510.html>


*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


5) Binary star flunks out of weight watchers

People like to claim the Sun is an average star, but in reality it =
isn't. Most
stars are very low mass, about 10% of the Sun. The more massive a star, =
the
rarer it is. However, there are stars with more mass than the Sun, and a =
few
with a *lot* more.=20

Measuring the mass of a star is difficult, unless it orbits another =
star. Then
we can use math originally figured out by folks like Newton and Kepler, =
and=20
figure out the mass that way.

This was just done for a binary star, a system of two orbiting stars. =
When the
math was done, the stars weighed in at a whopping 82 and 83 times the =
Sun's
mass each. Yikes! This is the most massive binary ever seen, and may be =
the
most massive stars whose masses are measured with any certainty. Both of =
these
stars is a candidate for a supernova explosion, so this system should =
prove to=20
be an interesting one to future astronomers... way int he future. It'll =
be a
million years or so before they blow.=20

Here is the scientific paper about the system:

http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/astro-ph/pdf/0405/0405338.pdf<http://arxiv.org/=
PS_cache/astro-ph/pdf/0405/0405338.pdf>

And here's an article I wrote for Astronomy magazine last year about
the Sun not being so average:

http://www.astronomy.com/content/dynamic/articles/000/000/000/600aeypc.as=
p<http://www.astronomy.com/content/dynamic/articles/000/000/000/600aeypc.=
asp>


*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


6) One year anniversary of the not destruction of the Earth

Sigh, how time flies: it was just over a year ago when Earth was not =
destroyed
by Planet X. Nancy Lieder, the erstwhile cult leader and
alien-telepathic-signal recipient, made loud claims that on May 15, =
2003, 90%
of us would be killed due to the effects of a giant planet passing close
by the Earth. Oddly, on May 16, most of us were still around. Amazingly, =
Nancy
is still out there making her claims (the aliens were testing her with a =

"white lie" so she says), though not so amazingly, her followers have=20
dwindled to a handful of die-hard believers. Of course, vultures=20
were waiting in the wings, ready to pick the entrails off the corpse
of Planet X. I'll deal with them the way I dealt with Nancy: using =
patience,
logic, reason, critical thinking, and, of course, the truth.

Read all about it:

http://www.badastronomy.com/bad/misc/planetx/index.html<http://www.badast=
ronomy.com/bad/misc/planetx/index.html>


*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *


7) Subscribe/Unsubscribe Information

If, for some weird reason, you want to unsubscribe to this=20
newsletter, just send email to =
badastronomy-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com<mailto:badastronomy-unsubscribe@=
yahoogroups.com>
with no body text. Make sure you send it from the address to which the
newsletter is sent! Alternatively, you can unsubscribe from the=20
Yahoo!Groups website. Go to

http://help.yahoo.com/help/us/groups/groups-32.html<http://help.yahoo.com=
/help/us/groups/groups-32.html>=20

for more info.

Remember, the newsletters are archived on the website at

http://www.badastronomy.com/newsletter/index.html<http://www.badastronomy=
com/newsletter/index.html>

so even if you unsubscribe you can still read them there. I suggest
staying subscribed so you get them as soon as I send them.

Also, I do *not* sell your email addresses, but I am pretty sure the =
evil Yahoo!
people, which is why I am moving this newsletter to my own website =
eventually.
Take a gander at the Yahoo!Groups privacy message if it makes you
feel better, or worse:=20

http://privacy.yahoo.com/privacy/us/<http://privacy.yahoo.com/privacy/us/=
>=20

Note that the email addresses *are* visible to me, but I have no =
prurient=20
use for them. If that makes you nervous for whatever reason, feel free =
to=20
unsubscribe and simply read the archived newsletters at the website =
listed
above.

**************************

Phil Plait
The Bad Astronomer
badastro@badastronomy.com<mailto:badastro@badastronomy.com>
http://www.badastronomy.com<http://www.badastronomy.com/>  =20




=20

Yahoo! Groups Links

<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
     =
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/badastronomy/<http://groups.yahoo.com/group=
/badastronomy/>

<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
     =
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=20



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<DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; PADDING-TOP: 10pt">----- Original =
Message -----=20
<DIV><B>From:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:badastro@badastronomy.com=20
href=3D"mailto:badastro@badastronomy.com">Phil Plait, aka The Bad =
Astronomer</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dmailto:badastronomy@yahoogroups.com=20
href=3D"mailto:badastronomy@yahoogroups.com">badastronomy@yahoogroups.com=
</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Sunday, June 06, 2004 12:28 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> [badastronomy] Bad Astronomy Newsletter Issue #51 =
(June 5,=20
2004)</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor=20
--------------------~--&gt; <BR>Make a clean sweep of pop-up ads. Yahoo! =

Companion Toolbar.<BR>Now with Pop-Up Blocker. Get it for free!<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/1.XolB/TM=20
href=3D"http://us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/1.XolB/TM">http://=
us.click.yahoo.com/L5YrjA/eSIIAA/yQLSAA/1.XolB/TM</A><BR>----------------=
----------------------------------------------------~-&gt;=20
<BR><BR><BR>THE BAD ASTRONOMY NEWSLETTER<BR><BR>Issue #51<BR>June 5, =
2004<BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.badastronomy.com/=20
href=3D"http://www.badastronomy.com">http://www.badastronomy.com</A><BR><=
A=20
title=3Dhttp://groups.yahoo.com/group/badastronomy=20
href=3D"http://groups.yahoo.com/group/badastronomy">http://groups.yahoo.c=
om/group/badastronomy</A><BR><BR><BR>*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<BR><BR><BR>Bad Astronomy Newsletter=20
#51<BR><BR>Contents:<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 1) The Transit of =
Venus<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
2) Not astronomy, but weird anyway<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 3) Hubble=20
Beauties<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 4) Did Hubble find a planet?<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 5) =
Binary=20
star flunks out of weight watchers<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 6) One year =
anniversary of=20
the not destruction of the Earth<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 7) =
Subscribe/Unsubscribe=20
info<BR><BR><BR>*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*<BR><BR><BR>1) The Transit of Venus<BR><BR>On Tuesday, June 8, Venus =
will pass=20
directly in front of the Sun. This kind<BR>of event, called a transit, =
is pretty=20
rare. The last one was in 1882! Rather<BR>than blather (and lather and =
slather)=20
on about it here in this newsletter,<BR>I'll just direct you to my new =
page=20
about it:<BR><BR><A =
title=3Dhttp://www.badastronomy.com/fun/venustransit2004.html=20
href=3D"http://www.badastronomy.com/fun/venustransit2004.html">http://www=
badastronomy.com/fun/venustransit2004.html</A><BR><BR>There=20
are links to many other sites there with lots of information. =
I'll<BR>add that=20
I'll be in my media darling mode on Tuesday, doing lots of <BR>brief =
interviews=20
for TV stations across the US. There is a list of stations<BR>and times =
on that=20
page. Warning: I am not responsible for cracked TV=20
sets.<BR><BR><BR>*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*<BR><BR><BR>2) Not astronomy, but weird anyway<BR><BR>I saw this and =
was=20
amazed. It's about shear forces in thick, viscous fluids.<BR>Yeah, =
sounds great,=20
right? Well, take a look. It is truly weird and very,<BR>very =
cool.<BR><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://chaos.ph.utexas.edu/research/vibrated_cornstarch.htm=20
href=3D"http://chaos.ph.utexas.edu/research/vibrated_cornstarch.htm">http=
://chaos.ph.utexas.edu/research/vibrated_cornstarch.htm</A><BR><BR><BR>*&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *<BR><BR><BR>3) Hubble =
Beauties<BR><BR>Astronomy is=20
much more than just pretty pictures, but then, it also *is* <BR>a lot of =
pretty=20
pictures. Here are a couple for you:<BR><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0407a.html=20
href=3D"http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0407a.html">http://=
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0407a.html</A><BR><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0408a.html=20
href=3D"http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0408a.html">http://=
www.spacetelescope.org/images/html/heic0408a.html</A><BR><BR>By=20
the way, NASA administrator Sean O'Keefe this week said that NASA=20
will<BR>investigate a robotic mission to service the ailing Hubble. =
Proposals=20
will<BR>be accepted in the coming months. Keep your ears open. Until =
then, read=20
here<BR>for more:<BR><BR><A=20
title=3Dhttp://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/robotic_mission_hubble_co=
nsidered.html?162004=20
href=3D"http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/robotic_mission_hubble_co=
nsidered.html?162004">http://www.universetoday.com/am/publish/robotic_mis=
sion_hubble_considered.html?162004</A><BR><BR><BR>*&nbsp