SETI public: Fw: Cornell News: Cornell partners on 'Library of Life'

From: LARRY KLAES (ljk4_at_msn.com)
Date: Fri Feb 27 2004 - 08:29:50 PST

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    From: cunews_at_cornell.edu<mailto:cunews_at_cornell.edu>
    To: CUNEWS-PHYSICAL_SCIENCE-L_at_cornell.edu<mailto:CUNEWS-PHYSICAL_SCIENCE-L_at_cornell.edu> ; CUNEWS-LIFE_SCIENCE-L_at_cornell.edu<mailto:CUNEWS-LIFE_SCIENCE-L_at_cornell.edu> ; CUNEWS-CAMPUS-L_at_cornell.edu<mailto:CUNEWS-CAMPUS-L_at_cornell.edu> ; CUNEWS-SCIENCE-L_at_cornell.edu<mailto:CUNEWS-SCIENCE-L_at_cornell.edu>
    Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2004 6:36 PM
    Subject: Cornell News: Cornell partners on 'Library of Life'

    Cornell and Stanford to work with Israel and Jordan on Bridging the
    Rift research center to include world's first databank for all living
    systems

    FOR RELEASE: Feb. 26, 2004

    Contact: David Brand
    Office: 607-255-3651
    E-mail: deb27_at_cornell.edu<mailto:deb27_at_cornell.edu>

      N.Y. -- On March 9, Cornell University will participate in a
    groundbreaking ceremony 50 miles south of the Dead Sea, on the border
    between Israel and Jordan. Land donated by each country will be
    joined to form a 150-acre site for a research facility, the Bridging
    the Rift (BTR) Center, which will include the world's first databank
    of information about all living systems.

    The databank will be the core of the facility's centerpiece, the
    Library of Life, led by Cornell and Stanford University scientists
    who will gather, organize and model information to quantify and
    characterize all living systems. The library will be a research and
    education center operating a databank, yet to be developed, that will
    assemble information on living systems, from microbes to plants to
    animals, using digital images and global positioning data.
    Information also will flow from ecological and environmental
    investigations, molecular research and DNA sequencing.

    The research center will develop computer modeling systems to make
    predictions at genetic levels and to help understand coevolution of
    species and the ways in which ecology affects DNA, and the reverse.
    Both Cornell and Stanford will offer doctoral degrees at the BTR
    Center.

    Cornell President Jeffrey S. Lehman, who will attend the ceremony at
    the border site (it is known as central Arava on the Israeli side and
    Wadi Araba on the Jordanian side), says, "This project is an enormous
    undertaking, one that will require the collaboration of scientists
    from every corner of the world. We are grateful that the governments
    of Israel and Jordan have taken the first steps to show how this
    collaboration can evolve. This is a unique scientific environment,
    the perfect place to begin the project."

    Because the new databank will gather a hugely diverse amount of
    information about living systems, it will be a major advancement over
    GenBank, the database operated by the National Institutes of Health
    in the United States. GenBank, which stores genetic sequences, is
    part of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration,
    which also includes the DNA DataBank of Japan and the European
    Molecular Biology Laboratory.

    The Library of Life was proposed by Steven Tanksley, the Liberty Hyde
    Bailey professor of plant breeding at Cornell, who will be a key
    adviser on the project. The library's director will be Ron Elber,
    professor of computer science at Cornell. The early work of the
    library will be to develop a prototype, the Library of the Desert,
    which will be a digital catalog that includes living samples of
    microbes, fungi, plants, insects, invertebrates and vertebrates in
    the Dead Sea region. New computer languages and databases will be
    created to integrate the massive amounts of data flowing into the
    library.

    BTR Foundation, which is providing seed money for the BTR Center is
    headed by New York City businessman Mati Kochavi, a native of Israel
    who is chairman of Optic Solutions.

    This is Cornell's second teaching and research initiative in the
    Middle East. Last year, the Weill Cornell Medical College in New York
    City opened a campus in Qatar, the first higher education institution
    in that country to be coeducational. Cornell is the first American
    university to offer its M.D. degree overseas.

    <h3>Background

    </h3>
    Much of the research in the Library of Life, as at the BTR Center
    itself, will involve the challenges presented by the completion of
    the Human Genome Project, in which the basic fingerprints of humans,
    the DNA sequences, have been recorded. In future decades researchers
    will attempt to unravel biological functions and discover medical
    benefits. This, however, is only a small part of the information that
    is necessary to understand life. Of the 20 million known species on
    Earth, only a tiny fraction of genomes have been sequenced. And
    genomes do not code ecological relationships and complex
    environmental effects, which need to be recorded and modeled
    separately.

    Cornell University is one of a handful of universities in the world
    making investments in excess of $500 million to modernize life
    sciences research and education programs. Through its New Life
    Sciences Initiative, Cornell is engaging several hundred researchers
    across its campuses in Ithaca and at the Weill Cornell Medical
    College in New York City in a broad program of education and
    investigation, integrating life sciences with physical, engineering
    and computational sciences.

    Steven Tanksley, the Liberty Hyde Bailey professor of plant breeding
    at Cornell University, says that the collection of data at the
    Library of Life is expected to take decades, by many research groups
    throughout the world. "Future advances in medicine, agriculture and
    environmental sciences will critically depend on the Library of
    Life," he says.

      Tanksley says that collecting, cataloging and connecting data "will
    evolve into the new basis for creativity and discoveries about the
    origins, mechanisms and interconnectedness of life forms, and from
    that information we will embark on a new future on how we feed and
    clothe ourselves.

    This information will also expand and, in some ways, change how we
    view ourselves, as the human species, in the larger context of life
    and the universe."

    The library's director, Ron Elber, professor of computer science at
    Cornell, says that the aim of the library is to assemble a digital
    catalog and living samples of all microbes, fungi, plants, insects,
    invertebrates and vertebrates in the region, creating a Library of
    the Desert. It is because the desert environment is not rich in life
    forms that comprehensive analysis of life sciences for this specific
    environment might be feasible in a relatively short time, he says.
    "This is important since the Library of Life will need to show some
    tangible outcomes in a few years. Hence, besides the obvious
    economical and ecological benefits to the region, the Library of the
    Desert will provide a prototype for the Library of Life and will
    sketch the structure for libraries of other regions richer in
    alternative life forms and more challenging to handle."

    The complex nature of the data, he says, will require the development
    of new software and new database systems. "We will need to handle new
    information at an unprecedented scale as well as to integrate many
    existing databases. This is a very major undertaking -- besides the
    obvious challenge of collecting the data."

      Making the Library of Life's huge data set accessible over the Web
    also will require a number of technical breakthroughs. A new language
    will be created integrating classification schemes of different life
    science disciplines, making it easy to navigate between the biology
    of the small and of the large. "The ties between biology and the
    information sciences have always been deep; this project will
    generate many hard questions for computing and information science,
    and provide opportunities to apply our technology to meeting basic
    human needs," says Robert Constable, dean of the Faculty of Computing
    and Information Science at Cornell. "We will be challenged to find
    ways to integrate the many databases being created for the life
    sciences and to organize them to facilitate problem solving,
    discovery and education."

    To enable this rapid exploration of data and comprehensive
    mathematical modeling of life on Earth, data structures and query
    languages will be created, guided by a think tank of Cornell
    researchers -- in time to include experts from around the world -- in
    the biological, computer and physical sciences. For example, the
    large-scale data integration will make it possible computationally to
    examine the effects of drug molecules on their environment and
    ecology.

    Cornell's wide-ranging experience in international education and
    research springs from its pioneer work in agricultural development in
    what is now Nanjing University, China, in the early 20th century. In
    the Philippines, Cornell helped form the University of the
    Philippines Los Baņos and assisted in the rebuilding of the country's
    agricultural system after World War II. In Uganda in the 1990s,
    Cornell, with World Bank support, coordinated and administered the
    external degree component of a program to enhance the human resource
    development of Uganda's universities. Cornell has U.S. Department of
    Agriculture grants in Armenia, Honduras, Thailand and South

    Africa, as well as Ford, Rockefeller and Hilton foundation-funded
    initiatives in Africa and Asia, and some 25 international
    collaborative projects in Madagascar and Ethiopia.

    Related World Wide Web sites: The following sites provide additional
    information on this news release. Some might not be part of the
    Cornell University community, and Cornell has no control over their
    content or availability.

    Bridging the Rift: <http://ip.cals.cornell.edu/btr>>

    -30-

    The web version of this release, with accompanying photos, may be
    found at
    http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Feb04/BTR.CUresearch.deb.html>

    -- 
    Cornell University News Service
    Surge 3
    Cornell University
    Ithaca, NY 14853
    607-255-4206
    cunews_at_cornell.edu<mailto:cunews_at_cornell.edu>
    http://www.news.cornell.edu>
    

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