Re: SETI public: Fw: Physics News Update 682

From: John P. Roberts (jpr602_at_mac.com)
Date: Wed Apr 21 2004 - 23:54:34 PDT

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    This is the most lucid explanation of the concept of parity (in
    subatomic physics) that I've seen.

    I have a B.S. in physics, but a deep understanding of parity is beyond
    me. With a B.S. in physics, you have an understanding of physics
    knowledge as it was in about 1930.

    On Apr 21, 2004, at 1:54 PM, LARRY KLAES wrote:
    > PHYSICS NEWS UPDATE
    > The American Institute of Physics Bulletin of Physics News
    > Number 682 April 21, 2004  by Phillip F. Schewe, Ben Stein
    >
    > PARITY VIOLATION IN ELECTRON-ELECTRON SCATTERING has been seen for
    > the first time, adding to physicists' understanding of the elusive
    > weak force.  Parity is name for the proposition that if one viewed
    > an interaction among particles in a special mirror that reflected in
    > all three dimensions then physics would be the same in the ordinary
    > and in the mirror world.  Three of the four known physical
    > forces---gravity, electromagnetic, and strong---respect (or
    > "conserve") parity.  The fourth force, the weak force, does not
    > conserve parity, a fact established in the 1950s by watching the
    > decays of cobalt nuclei.  Since then parity violation has also been
    > observed in other reactions, such as transitions between energy
    > levels within atoms and electron-positron annihilations, but never
    > before in low-angle, relatively low-energy electron-electron
    > scattering. Electrons are non-nuclear particles; so why do they
    > scatter via any kind of nuclear force, much less the weak nuclear
    > force?  Because the weak and electromagnetic forces, though normally
    > very different in their attributes (the electromagnetic force keeps
    > atoms together and governs light, while the weak force exerts itself
    > only at very short range, within about the size of a proton, and is
    > responsible for some kinds of radioactivity) the two forces are
    > still, properly speaking, parts of a single underlying "electroweak"
    > force.  Therefore even though electrons interact chiefly through the
    > electromagnetic force, there is enough admixture of weak-force to
    > make itself felt, albeit only in an experiment of great delicacy.
    > Researchers at SLAC scattered a high energy beam of polarized
    > electrons off electrons in a liquid hydrogen target and measured the
    > fractional difference in scattering rates when the intrinsic spin of
    > the beam electrons were lined up with or against the direction of
    > the beam.  The observed asymmetry
    > not only demonstrated that a bit of parity-violating force was
    > present (in keeping with theoretical ideas about the weak force) but
    > also provided a measure---in fact, the first quantitative
    > measure---of the electrons' "weak charge," a commodity, analogous to
    > electric charge, and indicative of the strength of the weak
    > interaction between two electrons.  One of the team members, Krishna
    > Kumar of the University of Massachusetts (kkumar_at_physics.umass.edu),
    > asserts that the statistical error of 30 parts per billion (ppb) is
    > the most precise measurement of an asymmetry (the measured effect
    > was 175 parts per billion) in a lepton scattering experiment (that
    > is, one involving electrons, muons, or neutrinos).  (Anthony et al.,
    > Physical Review Letters, upcoming article)


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